黏液素

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Micrograph showing cells with prominent mucin-containing intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Pap stain.

黏液素英语:Mucins,或简称黏素)是一类高分子量蛋白家族,且高度糖基化(属于糖缀合物),在大部分后生动物上皮组织中都有表达[1] Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell signalling to forming chemical barriers.[1]。They often take an inhibitory role.[1] Some mucins are associated with controlling mineralization, including nacre formation in mollusks,[2] calcification in echinoderms[3] and bone formation in vertebrates.[4] They bind to pathogens as part of the immune system. Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer.[5]

Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, most mucins are secreted onto mucosal surfaces or secreted to become a component of saliva.

目录

基因

通过cDNA克隆发现了至少19个人类黏素基因——MUC1、MUC2MUC3AMUC3BMUC4MUC5ACMUC5BMUC6MUC7MUC8、MUC12、MUC13MUC15、MUC16、MUC17MUC19MUC20[6]

主要分泌于呼吸道的黏素是MUC5AC和MUC5B,而MUC2主要分泌于小肠,在呼吸道中也有出现。

另见

参考文献

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 doi:10.1016/S0070-2153(07)80006-8
    本引用来源将会在数十分钟后自动完成。您可以检查英文对应模板手动扩充
  2. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003006200
    本引用来源将会在数十分钟后自动完成。您可以检查英文对应模板手动扩充
  3. doi:10.1080/713713622
    本引用来源将会在数十分钟后自动完成。您可以检查英文对应模板手动扩充
  4. RJ Midura, VC Hascall. Bone sialoprotein–a mucin in disguise?. Glycobiology. 1996, 6 (7): 677–81. doi:10.1093/glycob/6.7.677. PMID 8953277. 
  5. Niv Y. [http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2703837/ MUC1 and colorectal cancer pathophysiology considerations]. World J. Gastroenterol.. April 2008, 14 (14): 2139–41. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.2139. PMID 18407586. PMC 2703837. 
  6. Perez-Vilar, J; Hill, RL. Mucin Family of Glycoproteins. Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry (Lennarz & Lane, EDs.). Oxford: Academic Press/Elsevier. 2004, 2: 758–764. 

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